在当今工业化快速发展的时代，危险废物的产生量与日俱增。危险废物，因其具有毒性、腐蚀性、易燃性、反应性或感染性等特性，若处置不当，会对土壤、水体、大气等生态环境造成严重污染，甚至威胁人类健康。而危废暂存间，作为危险废物从产生到最终处理过程中的关键环节，肩负着安全储存、分类管理等重要使命，其重要性不言而喻。

In today's era of rapid industrialization, the amount of hazardous waste generated is increasing day by day. Hazardous waste, due to its toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, reactivity, or infectivity, if not disposed of properly, can cause serious pollution to the ecological environment such as soil, water bodies, and atmosphere, and even threaten human health. The hazardous waste temporary storage room, as a key link in the process of hazardous waste generation and final treatment, shoulders important missions such as safe storage and classified management, and its importance is self-evident.

一、危废暂存间的设计与建设要点

1、 Design and construction points of hazardous waste temporary storage room

（一）选址考量

（1） Site selection considerations

危废暂存间应远离人员密集区域、饮用水源保护区以及生态敏感地带，避免对周边环境和人群造成潜在危害。同时，要考虑到交通便利性，便于危险废物的运输和转移，降低运输过程中的风险和成本。选址还需充分考虑地质条件，确保暂存间所在区域地质稳定，防止因地基沉降、塌陷等问题导致暂存间损坏，引发危险废物泄漏事故 。

The hazardous waste temporary storage room should be kept away from densely populated areas, drinking water source protection areas, and ecologically sensitive areas to avoid potential harm to the surrounding environment and population. At the same time, consideration should be given to transportation convenience, facilitating the transportation and transfer of hazardous waste, and reducing risks and costs during the transportation process. The site selection also needs to fully consider the geological conditions, ensure the geological stability of the area where the temporary storage room is located, and prevent damage to the temporary storage room caused by foundation settlement, collapse, and other issues, which may lead to hazardous waste leakage accidents.

（二）建筑结构与 “四防” 措施

（2） Building structure and "four prevention" measures

结构坚固：危废暂存间的建筑结构必须坚固耐用，能够承受自身重量以及可能放置的危险废物的重量，抵御自然灾害（如大风、地震等）的影响。采用框架结构、砖混结构等稳定的建筑形式，并确保墙体、屋顶等部分具有足够的强度和稳定性 。

Sturdy structure: The building structure of the hazardous waste temporary storage room must be sturdy and durable, able to withstand its own weight and the weight of the hazardous waste that may be placed, and resist the impact of natural disasters such as strong winds and earthquakes. Adopt stable building forms such as frame structures and brick concrete structures, and ensure that the walls, roofs, and other parts have sufficient strength and stability.

防风：通过合理的建筑设计和防风设施的安装，如加固门窗、设置防风屏障等，防止强风将危险废物吹散，造成环境污染和安全隐患 。

Windproof: Through reasonable building design and installation of windproof facilities, such as reinforcing doors and windows, setting up windproof barriers, etc., to prevent strong winds from blowing away hazardous waste, causing environmental pollution and safety hazards.

防雨：暂存间的屋顶应具备良好的防水性能，采用防水卷材、防水涂料等材料进行施工，确保雨水不会渗漏进入暂存间内部。同时，设置合理的排水系统，及时排除屋顶和周边的积水 。

Rainproof: The roof of the temporary storage room should have good waterproof performance and be constructed with waterproof rolls, waterproof coatings and other materials to ensure that rainwater does not leak into the interior of the temporary storage room. At the same time, set up a reasonable drainage system to promptly remove accumulated water from the roof and surrounding areas.

防晒：为避免阳光直射导致危险废物温度升高，引发化学反应或加速其挥发，暂存间的屋顶和墙壁可采用隔热材料，如聚苯乙烯泡沫板、岩棉板等，降低室内温度。也可以在外部设置遮阳设施，如遮阳棚、遮阳网等 。

Sun protection: In order to avoid the temperature rise of hazardous waste caused by direct sunlight, causing chemical reaction or accelerating its volatilization, the roof and wall of the temporary storage room can use thermal insulation materials, such as polystyrene foam board, rock wool board, etc., to reduce the indoor temperature. Sunshade facilities can also be installed externally, such as sunshades, sunshade nets, etc.

防渗漏：这是危废暂存间建设的核心要求。地面和裙脚要用坚固、防渗的材料建造，如高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）膜、环氧树脂地坪等。对于存放液体危险废物的暂存间，还需设置泄漏液体收集装置，如托盘、导流沟、收集池等，确保一旦发生泄漏，能够及时收集和处理，防止污染物扩散 。

Leak prevention: This is the core requirement for the construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms. The ground and skirt legs should be constructed with sturdy and impermeable materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film, epoxy resin flooring, etc. For the temporary storage room for storing liquid hazardous waste, leakage liquid collection devices such as trays, diversion ditches, collection pools, etc. need to be installed to ensure timely collection and treatment in case of leakage and prevent the spread of pollutants.

（三）内部布局与设施配备

（3） Internal layout and facility configuration

分区存放：根据危险废物的性质、类别和危险特性，将暂存间划分为不同的区域，实现分类存放。化学性质不相容的危险废物必须分隔堆放，间隔应为完整的不渗透墙体，并在各区域醒目位置设置该类危废的标志牌，便于识别和管理 。

Partition storage: According to the nature, category, and hazardous characteristics of hazardous waste, the temporary storage room is divided into different areas to achieve classified storage. Hazardous waste with incompatible chemical properties must be separated and stacked, with complete impermeable walls between them. Signs for this type of hazardous waste should be prominently placed in each area for easy identification and management.

安全照明与通风：配备充足的安全照明设施，确保在任何情况下都能清晰观察暂存间内的情况。同时，设置良好的通风系统，保持空气流通，防止挥发性危险废物积聚产生有害气体，引发爆炸或中毒等事故 。对于存放具有挥发性气体危废的暂存间，还需安装废气净化装置，对排出的废气进行处理，达标后排放 。

Safety lighting and ventilation: Equipped with sufficient safety lighting facilities to ensure clear observation of the situation in the temporary storage room under any circumstances. At the same time, a good ventilation system should be set up to maintain air circulation and prevent the accumulation of volatile hazardous waste, which can produce harmful gases and cause accidents such as explosions or poisoning. For temporary storage rooms storing volatile gas hazardous waste, it is also necessary to install exhaust gas purification devices to treat the discharged exhaust gas and discharge it after meeting the standards.

消防与应急设施：按照相关标准配备必要的消防设施，如灭火器、消防栓、灭火沙等，以应对可能发生的火灾事故。设置应急救援工具及设备存放区，配备防护手套、护目镜、呼吸器、急救药品等应急物资，确保在紧急情况下工作人员能够迅速采取措施，进行扑救和处理工作 。

Firefighting and emergency facilities: Equip necessary firefighting equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, and firefighting sand according to relevant standards to cope with possible fire accidents. Set up an emergency rescue tool and equipment storage area, equipped with emergency supplies such as protective gloves, goggles, respirators, and first aid drugs, to ensure that personnel can quickly take measures to carry out firefighting and handling work in emergency situations.

标识与警示：在暂存间的外部和内部显著位置张贴危险废物标识、警示标志和管理制度等。标识应清晰、准确地标明危险废物的名称、类别、特性、数量、产生单位、入库时间等信息，警示标志用于提醒人员注意危险，防止意外发生 。

Identification and Warning: Post hazardous waste identification, warning signs, and management regulations in prominent locations outside and inside the temporary storage room. The identification should clearly and accurately indicate the name, category, characteristics, quantity, generating unit, storage time, and other information of hazardous waste. Warning signs are used to remind personnel to pay attention to danger and prevent accidents from occurring.

二、危废暂存间的运行管理规范

2、 Operation and Management Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage Room

（一）人员管理

（1） Personnel management

专人负责：安排经过专业培训、熟悉危险废物管理知识和相关法规的专人负责危废暂存间的日常管理工作。管理人员应具备应急处理能力，能够及时、有效地应对突发情况 。

Special person in charge: Arrange a specially trained person who is familiar with hazardous waste management knowledge and relevant regulations to be responsible for the daily management of the hazardous waste temporary storage room. Management personnel should have emergency response capabilities and be able to respond promptly and effectively to unexpected situations.

人员培训：定期对涉及危险废物管理的人员进行培训，包括危险废物的特性、分类、储存要求、安全防护知识、应急处理措施以及相关法律法规等内容，提高人员的专业素养和安全意识 。

Personnel training: Regularly train personnel involved in hazardous waste management, including the characteristics, classification, storage requirements, safety protection knowledge, emergency response measures, and relevant laws and regulations of hazardous waste, to enhance their professional competence and safety awareness.

（二）出入库管理

（2） Inventory management

入库登记：危险废物入库时，管理人员要严格按照规定进行详细登记，记录货物的名称、数量、来源、入库时间、包装形式等信息。对危险废物的包装进行检查，确保包装完好，无泄漏、破损等情况 。

Storage registration: When hazardous waste is stored, management personnel must strictly follow the regulations for detailed registration, recording information such as the name, quantity, source, storage time, packaging form, etc. of the goods. Inspect the packaging of hazardous waste to ensure that it is intact and free from leaks, damages, and other issues.

出库记录：在危险废物出库转移时，同样要做好记录，包括转移时间、接收单位、运输方式、转移数量等信息。严格执行危险废物转移联单制度，确保危险废物的流向清晰、可追溯 。

Outbound records: When transferring hazardous waste out of storage, records should also be kept, including transfer time, receiving unit, transportation method, transfer quantity, and other information. Strictly implement the hazardous waste transfer manifest system to ensure clear and traceable flow of hazardous waste.

（三）日常检查与维护

（3） Daily inspection and maintenance

定期巡检：管理人员要定期对危废暂存间进行巡检，检查设施设备的运行状况，如通风系统、照明系统、消防设施、废气净化装置等是否正常运行；检查危险废物的包装是否完好，有无泄漏、破损等情况；检查地面、墙壁、收集装置等是否有损坏或渗漏现象 。

Regular inspection: Management personnel should conduct regular inspections of the hazardous waste temporary storage room to check the operation status of facilities and equipment, such as ventilation systems, lighting systems, fire-fighting facilities, exhaust gas purification devices, etc., to ensure that they are functioning properly; Check whether the packaging of hazardous waste is intact, and whether there are any leaks, damages, or other situations; Check the ground, walls, collection devices, etc. for any damage or leakage.

维护保养：根据设施设备的使用情况和维护要求，定期进行维护保养工作，确保设施设备始终处于良好的运行状态。对发现的问题及时进行维修或更换，保障暂存间的安全运行 。

Maintenance and upkeep: Regular maintenance and upkeep work should be carried out according to the usage and maintenance requirements of the facilities and equipment to ensure that they are always in good operating condition. Timely repair or replace any problems discovered to ensure the safe operation of the temporary storage room.

（四）台账管理

（4） Ledger management

建立完善的危险废物管理台账，详细记录危险废物的产生、收集、贮存、转移、处置等全过程信息。台账内容应包括危险废物的种类、数量、产生时间、产生地点、来源、去向、处理方式等，确保数据真实、准确、完整 。台账要妥善保存，保存期限应符合相关法规要求，以便监管部门查阅和追溯 。

Establish a comprehensive hazardous waste management ledger, detailing the entire process of hazardous waste generation, collection, storage, transfer, disposal, and other related information. The content of the ledger should include the type, quantity, generation time, generation location, source, destination, disposal method, etc. of hazardous waste to ensure the authenticity, accuracy, and completeness of the data. The ledger should be properly kept, and the retention period should comply with relevant regulatory requirements for regulatory authorities to review and trace.

三、危废暂存间的环保与安全意义

3、 The Environmental and Safety Significance of Hazardous Waste Storage Room

（一）环境保护

（1） Environmental Protection

防止污染扩散：通过规范的建设和管理，危废暂存间能够有效防止危险废物中的有害物质泄漏到土壤、水体和大气中，避免对周边生态环境造成污染，保护土壤质量、水体安全和空气质量 。

Preventing the spread of pollution: Through standardized construction and management, hazardous waste temporary storage rooms can effectively prevent harmful substances from leaking into soil, water bodies, and the atmosphere, avoiding pollution to the surrounding ecological environment and protecting soil quality, water safety, and air quality.

资源回收利用：部分危险废物中含有可回收利用的资源，如重金属、贵金属等。危废暂存间的合理管理有助于对这些资源进行分类收集和储存，为后续的资源回收利用提供条件，实现资源的循环利用，减少资源浪费 。

Resource recycling and utilization: Some hazardous waste contains recyclable resources such as heavy metals, precious metals, etc. Reasonable management of hazardous waste storage rooms helps to classify, collect, and store these resources, providing conditions for subsequent resource recycling and utilization, achieving resource recycling, and reducing resource waste.

（二）安全保障

（2） Security guarantee

降低安全风险：危险废物具有易燃、易爆、有毒等危险特性，若管理不当，容易引发火灾、爆炸、中毒等安全事故。危废暂存间的安全设施和规范管理能够有效降低这些安全风险，保障工作人员和周边居民的生命财产安全 。

Reduce safety risks: Hazardous waste has hazardous characteristics such as flammability, explosiveness, and toxicity. If not managed properly, it can easily lead to safety accidents such as fires, explosions, and poisoning. The safety facilities and standardized management of hazardous waste storage rooms can effectively reduce these safety risks and ensure the safety of workers and surrounding residents' lives and property.

应急响应支持：完善的危废暂存间配备了必要的应急设施和物资，制定了应急预案。在发生突发事故时，能够迅速启动应急响应机制，采取有效的措施进行处理，最大限度地减少事故造成的损失 。

Emergency response support: The complete hazardous waste storage room is equipped with necessary emergency facilities and materials, and emergency plans have been developed. In the event of a sudden accident, the emergency response mechanism can be quickly activated, effective measures can be taken to handle it, and the losses caused by the accident can be minimized to the greatest extent possible.

四、未来发展趋势与挑战

4、 Future Development Trends and Challenges

（一）智能化管理

（1） Intelligent management

随着物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术的不断发展，危废暂存间的智能化管理将成为未来趋势。通过安装传感器、监控设备等，实现对危险废物的实时监测，包括温度、湿度、压力、气体浓度等参数，以及设施设备的运行状态。利用大数据分析技术，对监测数据进行分析和预测，提前发现潜在的安全隐患和环境风险，实现智能化预警和管理 。

With the continuous development of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, intelligent management of hazardous waste storage rooms will become a future trend. By installing sensors, monitoring equipment, etc., real-time monitoring of hazardous waste can be achieved, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, gas concentration, as well as the operating status of facilities and equipment. By utilizing big data analysis technology to analyze and predict monitoring data, potential safety hazards and environmental risks can be identified in advance, achieving intelligent warning and management.

（二）绿色可持续发展

（2） Green and sustainable development

在建设和运营过程中，更加注重绿色可持续发展理念的应用。采用环保型建筑材料和节能设备，减少能源消耗和污染物排放。优化危险废物的存储和管理方式，提高资源回收利用率，降低对环境的影响 。

Pay more attention to the application of green and sustainable development concepts in the construction and operation process. Adopting environmentally friendly building materials and energy-saving equipment to reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Optimize the storage and management of hazardous waste, improve resource recycling efficiency, and reduce environmental impact.

（三）法规标准的严格化

（3） Strictness of regulatory standards

随着环保意识的不断提高和对危险废物管理的重视程度增加，相关法规标准将越来越严格。这对危废暂存间的建设和管理提出了更高的要求，企业需要不断加强自身管理，提高技术水平，以满足法规标准的要求 。

With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness and the increasing emphasis on hazardous waste management, relevant regulations and standards will become increasingly strict. This poses higher requirements for the construction and management of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, and enterprises need to continuously strengthen their own management and improve their technical level to meet regulatory standards.

（四）技术创新与人才培养

（4） Technological Innovation and Talent Cultivation

面对日益复杂的危险废物处理需求，需要不断进行技术创新，研发更加高效、安全、环保的危险废物处理技术和设备。同时，加强对危险废物管理专业人才的培养，提高从业人员的专业素质和技术水平，以适应行业发展的需要 。

In the face of increasingly complex requirements for hazardous waste treatment, continuous technological innovation is needed to develop more efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly hazardous waste treatment technologies and equipment. At the same time, we will strengthen the training of professionals in hazardous waste management, improve the professional quality and technical level of practitioners, in order to meet the needs of industry development.

危废暂存间作为危险废物管理的关键环节，在环境保护和安全生产中发挥着重要作用。通过科学合理的设计建设、严格规范的运行管理，以及不断适应未来发展趋势，危废暂存间将为危险废物的安全处置和资源回收利用提供坚实保障，推动工业绿色可持续发展，守护我们的生态环境和人类健康

The hazardous waste storage room, as a key link in hazardous waste management, plays an important role in environmental protection and safe production. Through scientific and rational design and construction, strict and standardized operation and management, and continuous adaptation to future development trends, the hazardous waste temporary storage room will provide solid guarantees for the safe disposal and resource recycling of hazardous waste, promote industrial green and sustainable development, safeguard our ecological environment and human health