危险废物的危害

The hazards of hazardous waste

　　1. 危险废物对大气环境的危害

1. Hazards of hazardous waste to the atmospheric environment

　　如果危险废物得不到有效处理并长期积累，其小颗粒和灰尘就会进入空气环境，在气流的作用下扩散到大气中。一些有害物质会与大气中的物质发生化学反应，从而产生更严重的影响。此外，如果长期不治理，会产生臭味和难闻的气味，这些气味会扩散到空气中，对感官造成危害，并通过呼吸道直接危害人类健康。

If hazardous waste is not effectively treated and accumulates for a long time, its small particles and dust will enter the air environment and diffuse into the atmosphere under the action of airflow. Some harmful substances can react chemically with substances in the atmosphere, resulting in more serious impacts. In addition, if left untreated for a long time, it can produce a foul odor and unpleasant odor, which can spread into the air, cause harm to the senses, and directly harm human health through the respiratory tract.

　　2.危险废物对土壤环境的危害

2. Hazards of hazardous waste to soil environment

　　危险废物既可以是固态，也可以是液态或气态，但是如果它们长时间不处理，就会对周边环境产生严重影响。对于其固态的危险废物，如果长期的堆存，会让有害物质渗透到土壤中，同时，液体的危险废物也会产生同样的效果，会对土壤环境产生污染，对土壤的生态环境产生破坏，对植物及农作物的生长产生影响，导致土壤中的微生物无法正常繁衍，从而对自然界生态系统的循环产生影响，对人体的健康产生了严重的威胁。

Hazardous waste can be either solid, liquid, or gaseous, but if left untreated for a long time, it can have a serious impact on the surrounding environment. For its solid hazardous waste, if stored for a long time, it will allow harmful substances to penetrate into the soil. At the same time, liquid hazardous waste will also have the same effect, causing pollution to the soil environment, damaging the ecological environment of the soil, affecting the growth of plants and crops, causing microorganisms in the soil to be unable to reproduce normally, thereby affecting the circulation of the natural ecosystem and posing a serious threat to human health.

　　3. 危险废物对水资源的危害

3. Harm of hazardous waste to water resources

　　未经处理的危险废物，里面的有毒有害物质会随着大气降水进入到水生态环境中，它不仅会对地表水环境造成危害，还会对地下水、海洋等水生态环境造成影响，导致水里的生物中毒而死，破坏水生态环境的自然平衡。如果人们喝了含有危险物质的水，就会对人体的健康造成直接威胁，甚至可以导致人的死亡。

Untreated hazardous waste contains toxic and harmful substances that can enter the aquatic ecosystem with atmospheric precipitation. It not only poses a threat to surface water environment, but also has an impact on aquatic ecosystems such as groundwater and oceans, leading to poisoning and death of aquatic organisms, disrupting the natural balance of the aquatic ecosystem. If people drink water containing hazardous substances, it can pose a direct threat to human health and even lead to death.

　　危险废物处理与处置现状

Current situation of hazardous waste treatment and disposal

　　1. 危险废物处置现状

1. Current situation of hazardous waste disposal

　　由于我国地域广袤，各地的地理位置和自然环境各不相同，因此，在经济发展方面，我们的工业发展水平也有一定的差异，这就导致了危险废物的产生量也有差异。在我国，在经济较为落后的地区，由于工业结构不完善，许多可以再利用的资源变成了工业固体废物。而在经济发达地区，由于经济发展快速，制造业技术先进，工业企业较多，因此产生的危险废弃物也比较多。

Due to the vast territory of our country, with different geographical locations and natural environments, there are also certain differences in our industrial development level in terms of economic development, which leads to differences in the amount of hazardous waste generated. In China, in economically underdeveloped areas, due to the imperfect industrial structure, many reusable resources have been turned into industrial solid waste. In economically developed regions, due to rapid economic development, advanced manufacturing technology, and a large number of industrial enterprises, a considerable amount of hazardous waste is generated.

　　2. 固体废物的现状

2. Current situation of solid waste

　　目前，焚烧是处理固体废物的一种好方法。根据所处理的固体废物的类型，有许多形式的焚烧设施与之相对应，例如配备有二次燃烧室的炉排炉、配备有二级燃烧室的硫化物床和配备有二度燃烧室的回转窑。其中，焚烧技术更常用于配备二次燃烧室的回转窑。这项技术已经相当成熟，生产线规模也从最初的10吨/天发展到更经济的100吨/天。

Currently, incineration is a good method for treating solid waste. There are many forms of incineration facilities corresponding to the type of solid waste being processed, such as grate furnaces equipped with secondary combustion chambers, sulfide beds equipped with secondary combustion chambers, and rotary kilns equipped with secondary combustion chambers. Among them, incineration technology is more commonly used in rotary kilns equipped with secondary combustion chambers. This technology has become quite mature, and the production line scale has also developed from the initial 10 tons/day to a more economical 100 tons/day.

　　焚烧法并不能彻底解决固体废弃物的问题，而且在焚烧的过程中经常会产生二次有害废弃物，比如焚烧炉的炉渣和从燃烧烟气中采集到的飞灰等，都需要进行进一步的处理。这涉及到另一种常见的处理方法，即安全填埋法。当然，除了矿渣和粉煤灰可以安全填埋外，还有一些危险废物可以直接填埋。因此，填埋方法可以单独设计，也可以与焚烧方法结合设计。随着技术的发展，以及当地危险废物的特点，等离子体熔融、超临界氧化等处置方法也开始出现，但是就当前的情况来看，如何控制它们的运行成本，仍然是一个需要持续优化的问题。就固体废物来说，最好的处置方式是将有害废物进行资源化。如今，已经出现了许多与之相似的无害化处理技术，例如，水泥窑的协同处置，就是将某些固体危险废物的特点，将其转变成水泥制品，使其变废为宝，最大程度地为社会服务；又比如，从某些含有贵金属的淤泥中，采用冶炼技术，将其中的贵金属提炼出来，并将其冶炼成可以直接使用的建材，就是一种更好的资源化方法。

The incineration method cannot completely solve the problem of solid waste, and secondary harmful waste is often generated during the incineration process, such as the slag of the incinerator and the fly ash collected from the combustion flue gas, which require further treatment. This involves another common treatment method, which is the safe landfill method. Of course, in addition to safe landfill of slag and fly ash, there are also some hazardous waste that can be directly landfill. Therefore, the landfill method can be designed separately or combined with the incineration method. With the development of technology and the characteristics of local hazardous waste, disposal methods such as plasma melting and supercritical oxidation have also begun to emerge. However, from the current situation, how to control their operating costs is still a problem that needs continuous optimization. As for solid waste, the best disposal method is to recycle hazardous waste into resources. Nowadays, many similar harmless treatment technologies have emerged, such as the collaborative disposal of cement kilns, which transforms certain solid hazardous waste characteristics into cement products, turning waste into treasure, and serving society to the greatest extent possible; For example, using smelting technology to extract precious metals from certain sludge containing precious metals and smelting them into building materials that can be directly used is a better resource utilization method.

本文内容来自:危废暂存间 如果您想了解更多关于本行业知识请认准:http://www.tdyhhb.com，欢迎您的到来！

The content of this article comes from: Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Room. If you want to learn more about this industry, please read: http://www.tdyhhb.com Welcome to come!