所谓工业废气是指工业生产中，所产生的有害气体。从形态上可以将工业废气分为颗粒性废气以及气态性废气，但是随着工业生产技术的发展，在工业废气中还发现了放射源性废气。这些工业废气若不经过处理大量排放到大气中将会严重威胁环境及人体健康。从来源方面进行分类可以将工业废气分为燃料燃烧废气以及燃料生产废气。而我国工业废气来源主要是燃料燃烧所产生的，例如木炭生产中，厂家需要对木材进行燃烧、熏蒸，因此会产生大量的气态性、颗粒性废气，这些废气会严重影响生产厂家周围的环境。而随着工业的发展，我国工业废气的排放量也随之增加，而环境对于废气的承载量有限。废气所带来的二次污染问题也成为了工业发展所要面临的又一严峻考验。

　　The so-called industrial waste gas refers to the harmful gases generated in industrial production. From a morphological perspective, industrial waste gas can be divided into particulate waste gas and gaseous waste gas. However, with the development of industrial production technology, radioactive waste gas has also been found in industrial waste gas. If these industrial waste gases are not treated and discharged into the atmosphere in large quantities, they will seriously threaten the environment and human health. Industrial waste gas can be classified into fuel combustion waste gas and fuel production waste gas based on their sources. The main source of industrial waste gas in our country is generated by fuel combustion. For example, in charcoal production, manufacturers need to burn and fumigate wood, which produces a large amount of gaseous and particulate waste gas. These waste gases will seriously affect the environment around the manufacturer. With the development of industry, the emission of industrial waste gas in China has also increased, and the carrying capacity of the environment for waste gas is limited. The secondary pollution caused by exhaust gas has also become another severe test that industrial development must face.

　　石油化工行业是工业废气生产排放量最大的行业，也是废气污染治理最为困难的。由于石油化工生产中所排放的废气不但成分复杂、种类繁多且排放量大、污染性强，难以治理。从形态上分析，工业废气可以分为颗粒性废气和气态性废气。

　　The petrochemical industry is the industry with the largest amount of industrial waste gas production emissions, and it is also the most difficult to control waste gas pollution. Due to the complex composition and diverse types of exhaust gases emitted in petrochemical production, as well as their large emissions and strong pollution, it is difficult to control. From a morphological analysis, industrial waste gas can be divided into particulate waste gas and gaseous waste gas.

　　颗粒性废气：此类污染物主要是生产过程中产生的污染性烟尘，其来源主要有水泥厂、重型工业材料生产厂、重金属制造厂以及化工厂等。在生产中，此类企业所需原料需要经过提纯，由于杂质较多，提纯后的可燃物不能完全燃烧、分解，因此以烟尘形态存在，形成废气，排放至大气中引发空气污染。

　　Particulate exhaust gas: This type of pollutant is mainly the polluting smoke and dust generated during the production process, and its sources mainly include cement plants, heavy industrial material production plants, heavy metal manufacturing plants, and chemical plants. In production, the raw materials required by such enterprises need to be purified. Due to the high impurities, the purified combustibles cannot be completely burned or decomposed, and therefore exist in the form of smoke and dust, forming exhaust gas that is discharged into the atmosphere and causing air pollution.

　　气态性废气：工业生产中，必然会产生废气，这些废气若不经过处理便排放到空气中势必会对环境造成影响。其中气态性废气是工业废气中种类最多也是危害性最大的。目前气体性废气主要有含氮有机废气、含硫废气以及碳氢有机废气。

　　Gaseous waste gas: In industrial production, waste gas is inevitably generated. If these waste gases are discharged into the air without treatment, they will inevitably have an impact on the environment. Gaseous waste gas is the most diverse and hazardous industrial waste gas. At present, gaseous waste gas mainly includes nitrogen-containing organic waste gas, sulfur-containing waste gas, and hydrocarbon organic waste gas.

　　01含氮废气。此类废气会对空气组分造成破坏，改变气体构成比例。尤其是石油产品的燃烧，在工业生产中石油产品的燃烧量巨大，而石油产品中氮化物含量大，因此废气中会含有大量氮氧化物，若排放到空气中会增加空气氮氧化物含量，对大气循环造成影响。

　　01 Nitrogen containing waste gas. This type of exhaust gas can cause damage to the air components and change the gas composition ratio. Especially in the combustion of petroleum products, the amount of combustion in industrial production is huge, and the nitrogen content in petroleum products is high. Therefore, the exhaust gas will contain a large amount of nitrogen oxides. If discharged into the air, it will increase the nitrogen oxide content in the air and have an impact on atmospheric circulation.

　　02含硫废气。含硫废气会对人们的生活环境造成直接危害，这是由于其同空气中的水结合能够形成酸性物质，引发酸雨。而酸雨会对植物、建筑以及人体健康造成损害，尤其会影响人的呼吸道。另外还会对土壤和水源造成影响，造成二次污染。

　　02 Sulfur containing waste gas. Sulfur containing waste gas can cause direct harm to people's living environment, as it can combine with water in the air to form acidic substances, leading to acid rain. Acid rain can cause damage to plants, buildings, and human health, especially affecting the respiratory tract. In addition, it will also have an impact on soil and water sources, causing secondary pollution.

　　03碳氢有机废气。该类废气统称烃类，是一种有机化合物，主要由碳原子和氢原子构成。此类废气扩散到大气中会对臭氧层造成破坏引发一系列问题，影响深远。例如臭氧层破坏会加重紫外线的照射，而紫外线会对人的皮肤造成伤害，引发各类健康问题。另外紫外线照射度的改变也会对生态系统以及气候造成影响。

　　03 Carbon hydrogen organic waste gas. This type of exhaust gas is collectively referred to as hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds mainly composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The diffusion of such exhaust gases into the atmosphere can cause damage to the ozone layer, leading to a series of problems with far-reaching impacts. For example, the depletion of the ozone layer can increase exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which can cause harm to human skin and trigger various health problems. In addition, changes in UV exposure can also have an impact on ecosystems and climate.

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