Due to the high concentration of organic waste gas contained in the thermal storage combustion method organic waste gas treatment system, there is a risk of flammability and explosion, and safety is a necessary factor to consider in the treatment system.

废气收集与输送管道安全

Waste gas collection and transportation pipeline safety

因有机废气的易燃性和存在爆炸的危险性，治理系统的有机废气浓度应控制在其爆炸下限的25%以下。当RTO进气浓度较高时，应采取措施调整废气中有机物浓度至其爆炸极限下限25%以下，以确保RTO运行安全。当废气浓度波动较大时，应在前端采取稀释、缓冲等措施，确保进入蓄热式焚烧装置的废气浓度平稳且低于爆炸下限的25%。

Due to the flammability of organic waste gas and the risk of explosion, the concentration of organic waste gas in the treatment system should be controlled below 25% of its lower explosion limit. When the RTO intake concentration is high, measures should be taken to adjust the organic matter concentration in the exhaust gas to below 25% of its lower explosion limit to ensure the safety of RTO operation. When the concentration of exhaust gas fluctuates significantly, measures such as dilution and buffering should be taken at the front end to ensure that the concentration of exhaust gas entering the regenerative incineration device is stable and below 25% of the lower explosive limit.

当系统风管道采用金属材质时应采用光滑内壁金属管、采取法兰间铜片或铜线跨接、系统管道接地等措施，风管内壁禁止涂刷非导电防腐涂层，防止静电产生和积聚。当废气中含有腐蚀性气体时，所有集气罩、管道、阀门和颗粒过滤器均应采用耐腐蚀材料制造或按标准进行防腐处理。除控制处理气体的浓度、温度之外，在管道系统适当位置应安装符合相关规定的阻火装置。管道系统正压段应采取措施防止介质泄漏事故发生。当管道内气体温度超过60℃时，应做隔热保护或相关警示标识。

When the system air duct is made of metal material, smooth inner wall metal pipes should be used, copper sheets or wires between flanges should be used for bridging, and system pipeline grounding measures should be taken. Non conductive anti-corrosion coatings should not be applied to the inner wall of the air duct to prevent the generation and accumulation of static electricity. When the exhaust gas contains corrosive gases, all gas collection hoods, pipelines, valves, and particle filters should be made of corrosion-resistant materials or undergo anti-corrosion treatment according to standards. In addition to controlling the concentration and temperature of the processed gas, fire arresters that comply with relevant regulations should be installed at appropriate locations in the pipeline system. Measures should be taken to prevent medium leakage accidents in the positive pressure section of the pipeline system. When the gas temperature inside the pipeline exceeds 60 ℃, insulation protection or relevant warning signs should be installed.

预处理和后处理部分安全

Pre processing and post processing safety

当废气中含有易自聚物质或自催化物质时，因其受热易发生自聚或自反应，导致蓄热体堵塞、系统压降上升或自燃事故，故此类废气不宜直接利用蓄热燃烧法进行处理。

When the exhaust gas contains substances that are prone to self aggregation or self catalysis, it is prone to self aggregation or self reaction when heated, leading to blockage of the heat storage body, increase in system pressure drop, or self ignition accidents. Therefore, this type of exhaust gas should not be directly treated using thermal storage combustion method.

废气预处理设施通常是对废气中的粉尘、酸、碱、易自聚物质、大分子物质废气、水分、含氯物质、漆雾等进行预处理。当有机废气中含有树脂、颗粒物、固化剂、高沸点芳烃等容易在管道输送过程中形成颗粒物时，应按物质的性质选择合适的吸收、吸附和过滤等预处理措施。后处理部分通常是对高温燃烧生成的NOx或处理含硫或含卤素有机物产生的二氧化硫、卤化氢气体。除了吸收装置之外，治理系统与主体生产装置之间、与储罐收集系统之间应安装阻火器（防火阀），阻火器的性能应符合相关标准的规定。

Waste gas pre-treatment facilities usually pre-treat dust, acids, alkalis, easily self aggregating substances, macromolecular substances, waste gas, moisture, chlorine containing substances, paint mist, etc. in the exhaust gas. When organic waste gas contains resins, particulate matter, curing agents, high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., which are prone to form particulate matter during pipeline transportation, appropriate pre-treatment measures such as absorption, adsorption, and filtration should be selected based on the properties of the substance. The post-processing section usually deals with NOx generated by high-temperature combustion or sulfur dioxide and hydrogen halide gas generated by treating sulfur-containing or halogen-containing organic compounds. In addition to the absorption device, flame arresters (fire dampers) should be installed between the governance system and the main production device, as well as between the storage tank collection system. The performance of the flame arresters should comply with relevant standards.

袋式除尘器处理高温炽热含尘气体时，在除尘器之前应设有火花捕集器，处理易燃易爆含尘气体应选用抗静电滤材并对外壳接地，且应设置防爆泄爆设施。除尘器过滤器应设置压差计，当压差超过设定范围时，应立即清理或更换过滤材料。应做好处理设施防雷防静电措施，根据不同处理设施分析其存在的安全风险并采取相应防护措施。对于预处理后湿度较大的废气应先采取除湿措施后再处理。

When using a bag filter to process high-temperature and hot dusty gases, a spark trap should be installed before the filter. When handling flammable and explosive dusty gases, anti-static filter materials should be selected and the casing should be grounded, and explosion-proof and explosion relief facilities should be installed. The dust collector filter should be equipped with a pressure difference gauge. When the pressure difference exceeds the set range, the filter material should be cleaned or replaced immediately. Measures should be taken to prevent lightning and static electricity in processing facilities, analyze the safety risks existing in different processing facilities, and take corresponding protective measures. For waste gas with high humidity after pre-treatment, dehumidification measures should be taken before treatment.

浓缩部分安全

Concentration section safety

浓缩吸附材质一般选择活性炭或沸石转轮，但活性炭本身在高温下容易自燃不建议选择。对于沸石转轮应关注吸附过量有机废气后在高温状态下低闪点有机废气燃烧现象，进入转轮吸附区的废气温度宜控制在40℃以下，脱附风温度宜为180~220℃，不应高于300℃。应关注高沸点有机溶剂油雾过多堵塞转轮的情况，定期检查及校正转轮脱附温度，在进入转轮气室时应按照受限空间安全管理要求落实安全管理措施。转轮气室应设置温度监控和自动连锁控制系统及N2、消防水等自动灭火设施及防雷防静电设施。

Activated carbon or zeolite wheels are generally chosen as concentrated adsorption materials, but activated carbon itself is prone to spontaneous combustion at high temperatures and is not recommended. For zeolite wheels, attention should be paid to the combustion phenomenon of low flash point organic waste gas at high temperatures after excessive adsorption of organic waste gas. The temperature of the waste gas entering the adsorption area of the wheel should be controlled below 40 ℃, and the temperature of the desorption air should be 180-220 ℃, not higher than 300 ℃. Attention should be paid to the situation of high boiling point organic solvent oil mist blocking the runner, and regular inspection and correction of the runner desorption temperature should be carried out. When entering the runner chamber, safety management measures should be implemented in accordance with the requirements for confined space safety management. The runner chamber should be equipped with temperature monitoring and automatic interlocking control systems, as well as automatic fire extinguishing facilities such as N2 and fire water, as well as lightning and static protection facilities.

蓄热室燃烧室换热器部分安全

Safety of regenerative chamber combustion chamber heat exchanger section

蓄热通常有两室蓄热、三室蓄热和旋转式蓄热3种，辅助燃料通常有天然气、液化石油气、柴油和电加热等方式，不论何种燃料蓄热式焚烧装置，均须设置过载、温度过热保护、防爆泄压装置等安全措施。燃料供给系统应设置高低压保护和泄漏报警装置。应具有过热保护功能并设置安全可靠的火焰控制系统、温度监测系统、压力控制系统等。应安装符合规定的防雷防静电设施，具备短路保护和接地保护功能，接地电阻应小于4Ω。装置应进行整体保温，隔热、保温层应采用阻燃材料，外表面温度应低于60℃，炉门、检修门、防爆口、传感器安置部位等局部区域应低于70℃。

There are usually three types of heat storage: two chamber heat storage, three chamber heat storage, and rotary heat storage. Auxiliary fuels typically include natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, diesel, and electric heating. Regardless of the type of fuel used for heat storage incineration, safety measures such as overload, temperature overheating protection, and explosion-proof pressure relief devices must be installed. The fuel supply system should be equipped with high and low pressure protection and leakage alarm devices. It should have overheating protection function and be equipped with safe and reliable flame control system, temperature monitoring system, pressure control system, etc. Lightning and static protection facilities that comply with regulations should be installed, with short-circuit protection and grounding protection functions, and the grounding resistance should be less than 4Ω. The device should be insulated as a whole, and the insulation and insulation layer should be made of flame-retardant materials. The external surface temperature should be below 60 ℃, and local areas such as furnace doors, maintenance doors, explosion-proof ports, and sensor placement areas should be below 70 ℃.

为防止炉体残留废气发生爆炸风险，在开机点火和导入废气前应对炉体进行吹扫。燃烧室和蓄热室前的管道应设置压力计和安全泄放装置（安全阀或爆破片装置）。RTO气体进出口、燃烧室、蓄热室和换热器均应设具有自动报警功能的多点温度检测，并与系统连锁温度调节。应设置安全放散装置，燃烧室、蓄热室温度检测应与点火报警系统联锁，当温度过低或火焰熄灭时立即发出报警信号，关闭废气进气阀门并启动安全放散装置。应设置超温强制排风措施，进入燃烧室的废气浓度控制在废气的爆炸下限的25%以内，燃烧室、蓄热室进口设置废气浓度检测和报警联锁装置，当废气浓度达到爆炸下限的25%时应能立即发出报警信号并启动安全放散装置。

To prevent the risk of explosion caused by residual exhaust gas in the furnace body, the furnace body should be purged before starting ignition and introducing exhaust gas. Pressure gauges and safety relief devices (safety valves or bursting disc devices) should be installed in the pipelines in front of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber. RTO gas inlet and outlet, combustion chamber, heat storage chamber, and heat exchanger should all be equipped with multi-point temperature detection with automatic alarm function, and be interlocked with the system for temperature regulation. A safety release device should be installed, and the temperature detection of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber should be interlocked with the ignition alarm system. When the temperature is too low or the flame is extinguished, an alarm signal should be immediately issued, the exhaust gas inlet valve should be closed, and the safety release device should be activated. Overtemperature forced exhaust measures should be set up, and the concentration of exhaust gas entering the combustion chamber should be controlled within 25% of the lower explosive limit of the exhaust gas. Exhaust gas concentration detection and alarm interlocking devices should be installed at the inlet of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber. When the exhaust gas concentration reaches 25% of the lower explosive limit, an alarm signal should be immediately sent out and the safety release device should be activated.

末端排放部分安全

End discharge safety

治理系统排气筒的采样平台应牢固并设置符合标准的防护栏杆，护栏底部应设置踢脚板，对于高温部分管道应设置防烫措施和警示标识。对高温部分管道上的调节阀应选用耐高温阀门并定期检查，发现异常及时处理。对非防雷保护范围的排气筒，应装设避雷设施。

The sampling platform for the exhaust pipe of the governance system should be firm and equipped with standard protective railings. The bottom of the guardrail should be equipped with a baseboard. For high-temperature pipelines, anti scalding measures and warning signs should be installed. For regulating valves on high-temperature pipelines, high-temperature resistant valves should be selected and regularly inspected. Any abnormalities found should be promptly addressed. Lightning protection facilities should be installed for exhaust pipes that are not within the scope of lightning protection.

其他安全要求

Other safety requirements

由于蓄热式焚烧装置在高温下操作，存在爆炸的危险，在场址选择上应远离油库、储油槽、溶剂存放地以及其它危险化学品存放地。由于存在爆炸和着火的危险，系统的消防设计应纳入工厂的消防系统总体设计。消防通道、防火间距、安全疏散的设计和消防栓的布置应符合相关规定，按照规定配置移动式灭火器。

Due to the high temperature operation of the regenerative incineration device, there is a risk of explosion. Therefore, the site selection should be far away from oil depots, oil storage tanks, solvent storage areas, and other hazardous chemical storage areas. Due to the risk of explosion and fire, the fire protection design of the system should be incorporated into the overall design of the factory's fire protection system. The design of fire exits, fire separation distances, safe evacuation, and the arrangement of fire hydrants should comply with relevant regulations, and mobile fire extinguishers should be equipped according to regulations.

必须在治理工程与主体生产装置之间安装阻火器或防火阀，压缩空气系统应设置低压保护和报警装置。输送高浓度含尘废气要选择除尘风机，输送高温废气应选择高温风机，输送有腐蚀性气体的应选择防腐风机，输送有爆炸和易燃气体的必须选用具有防爆功能的风机、电机，还应做好减震措施，风机、电机和现场的电气仪表等应满足现场防爆要求。

Fire arresters or fire dampers must be installed between the governance project and the main production equipment, and low-pressure protection and alarm devices should be installed in the compressed air system. Dust removal fans should be selected for transporting high concentration dusty waste gas, high-temperature fans should be selected for transporting high-temperature waste gas, anti-corrosion fans should be selected for transporting corrosive gases, explosion-proof fans and motors must be selected for transporting explosive and flammable gases, and shock absorption measures should be taken. Fans, motors, and on-site electrical instruments should meet on-site explosion-proof requirements.

应设置自动控制，应具有自动记录温度变化曲线的功能以备查。根据工艺要求对系统废气浓度、温度、压力和流量等参数进行自动检测和控制。RTO装置设置连锁应急排气筒，蓄热式焚烧装置的炉膛应设置超温强制排风措施。废气治理设备设置区域宜按相关标准设置可燃气体报警器。

Automatic control should be set up and have the function of automatically recording temperature change curves for future reference. Automatic detection and control of system exhaust gas concentration, temperature, pressure, and flow parameters according to process requirements. The RTO device should be equipped with interlocking emergency exhaust pipes, and the furnace of the regenerative incineration device should be equipped with overtemperature forced exhaust measures. The area where waste gas treatment equipment is installed should be equipped with combustible gas alarms according to relevant standards.

考虑设备出现故障状态或事故状态时的安全，除编制常规安全操作规程外，还应编制故障状态处理程序，事故或紧急状态下应急操作和排除方法文件并落实培训。

Considering the safety of equipment in the event of a malfunction or accident, in addition to developing routine safety operating procedures, it is also necessary to develop fault state handling procedures, emergency operation and troubleshooting methods documents in case of accidents or emergencies, and implement training.

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