在工业生产、科研实验以及医疗等众多领域，危险废物的产生难以避免。这些危险废物如果处理不当，会对环境和人类健康造成极大威胁。危废暂存间作为危险废物处理过程中的关键环节，发挥着至关重要的作用。

The generation of hazardous waste is difficult to avoid in many fields such as industrial production, scientific research experiments, and medical care. If these hazardous wastes are not handled properly, they can pose a great threat to the environment and human health. The hazardous waste temporary storage room plays a crucial role as a key link in the hazardous waste treatment process.

一、危废暂存间的定义与功能

1、 Definition and function of hazardous waste temporary storage room

危废暂存间，即危险废物贮存间，是专门用于短期储存、中转危险废物的场所。它就像是危险废物的 “临时驿站”，将来自不同源头的危险废物进行集中收集和暂时存放。这些危险废物来源广泛，涵盖化工、医药、电子、冶金等工业行业，以及医院、科研机构等场所 。

The hazardous waste temporary storage room, also known as the hazardous waste storage room, is a place specifically designed for short-term storage and transfer of hazardous waste. It is like a "temporary station" for hazardous waste, collecting and temporarily storing hazardous waste from different sources. These hazardous wastes come from a wide range of sources, covering industrial industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic, metallurgical, as well as hospitals, research institutions, and other places.

其主要功能包括：

Its main functions include:

分类储存：可以对不同性质的危险废物进行分类存放，比如将易燃易爆废物、有毒有害废物、放射性废物等区分开来。这不仅方便后续的管理和处理，还能避免不相容的废物混合，降低发生化学反应或泄漏的风险。

Classified storage: Hazardous waste of different properties can be classified and stored, such as distinguishing flammable and explosive waste, toxic and hazardous waste, radioactive waste, etc. This not only facilitates subsequent management and handling, but also avoids incompatible waste mixing and reduces the risk of chemical reactions or leaks.

中转作用：作为危险废物转运的中转站，在废物从产生地运往最终处理处置场所的过程中，危废暂存间确保了废物在转运期间得到妥善保管，防止其对周边环境造成污染。

Transfer function: As a transfer station for hazardous waste transportation, the hazardous waste temporary storage room ensures that the waste is properly stored during transportation from the source to the final disposal site, preventing it from polluting the surrounding environment.

安全防护：通常采用密闭结构，并配备完善的监控报警装置和安全管理制度。能有效防止危险废物在储存过程中发生泄漏、挥发、爆炸等事故，降低环境风险和安全隐患。同时，在发生紧急情况时，这里还可作为事故应急场所，便于迅速采取应急措施，防止事态扩大。

Safety protection: usually adopts a closed structure and is equipped with complete monitoring and alarm devices and safety management systems. It can effectively prevent accidents such as leakage, volatilization, and explosion of hazardous waste during storage, reduce environmental risks and safety hazards. At the same time, in case of emergency, this place can also serve as an emergency site for accidents, facilitating the rapid adoption of emergency measures and preventing the situation from escalating.

二、危废暂存间的建设要求

2、 Construction requirements for hazardous waste temporary storage room

选址要求：应避免选择在强震地带，如地震烈度超过 7 度的区域，同时也要避开自然灾害频发地区。选址时需充分考虑环境因素，与居民区保持合适的距离，防止对居民生活造成影响。

Site selection requirements: Avoid choosing areas with strong earthquakes, such as those with an intensity exceeding 7 degrees, and also avoid areas with frequent natural disasters. When selecting a site, environmental factors should be fully considered, and a suitable distance should be maintained from residential areas to prevent any impact on residents' lives.

建筑结构：建筑结构要牢固可靠，具备良好的密闭性。地面需进行硬化处理，并涂有高密度环氧树脂，以防止渗漏和腐蚀。基础必须防渗，防渗层可以采用一定厚度的粘土层、高密度聚乙烯或其他人工材料，确保危险废物不会污染土壤和地下水。

Building structure: The building structure should be firm and reliable, with good airtightness. The ground needs to be hardened and coated with high-density epoxy resin to prevent leakage and corrosion. The foundation must be impermeable, and the impermeable layer can be made of a certain thickness of clay layer, high-density polyethylene or other artificial materials to ensure that hazardous waste does not pollute the soil and groundwater.

配套设施：存放液体性危险废物的贮存场所应设计收集沟及收集井，用于收集渗滤液，防止外溢流失。如果存放的危废为具有挥发性气体的，暂存间内必须设置导出口及气体净化装置；若存放危废为液体，还需配备泄漏液体收集装置，如托盘、导流沟、收集池等 。此外，要有完善的安全照明设施和观察窗口，方便工作人员操作和观察内部情况。

Supporting facilities: Storage sites for liquid hazardous waste should be designed with collection ditches and wells to collect leachate and prevent overflow and loss. If the stored hazardous waste contains volatile gases, an outlet and gas purification device must be installed in the temporary storage room; If hazardous waste is stored as liquid, leakage liquid collection devices such as trays, diversion ditches, collection pools, etc. should also be equipped. In addition, there should be comprehensive safety lighting facilities and observation windows to facilitate staff operation and observation of internal conditions.

三、危废暂存间的管理规范

3、 Management standards for hazardous waste temporary storage room

人员管理：必须设置专人管理，严禁非本企业人员进入。对于剧毒化学品以及储存数量构成重大危险源的其他危险化学品，应当在专用仓库内单独存放，采用双人双锁管理。管理人员要经过专业培训，熟悉危险废物的性质和管理要求。

Personnel management: A dedicated person must be set up for management, and non enterprise personnel are strictly prohibited from entering. For highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals that constitute a major hazard source in terms of storage quantity, they should be stored separately in dedicated warehouses and managed by two people and two locks. Management personnel must undergo professional training and be familiar with the nature and management requirements of hazardous waste.

登记管理：管理人员应对进入暂存间的危险废物进行详细登记，记录货物的名称、数量、来源、处理方式、入库日期、存放库位、废物出库日期和接收单位名称等信息。台账要及时更新，并悬挂于暂存间内，确保任何危险废物的转入、转出都有清晰记录。

Registration management: Management personnel should conduct detailed registration of hazardous waste entering the temporary storage room, recording information such as the name, quantity, source, disposal method, storage date, storage location, waste outflow date, and receiving unit name of the goods. The ledger should be updated in a timely manner and hung in the temporary storage room to ensure clear records of any incoming or outgoing hazardous waste.

安全检查：定期对危废暂存间进行检查，包括设施设备的运行状况、消防设施的完好性、电器线路的安全性等，及时排除安全隐患。一旦发现暂存间内的警示标识损坏，应当及时登记台账，并上报给相关负责人。

Safety inspection: Regularly inspect the hazardous waste temporary storage room, including the operation status of facilities and equipment, the integrity of fire-fighting facilities, the safety of electrical circuits, etc., and promptly eliminate safety hazards. Once the warning signs in the temporary storage room are found to be damaged, they should be promptly recorded in the ledger and reported to the relevant person in charge.

环境监测：定期对危废暂存间的环境进行监测，包括空气质量、噪声污染、土壤污染等，确保符合环保要求。同时，暂存间内应设置危险废物信息公开栏和贮存设施警示标志牌，明确标识危险废物的种类、数量、贮存设施等信息。

Environmental monitoring: Regularly monitor the environment of the hazardous waste storage room, including air quality, noise pollution, soil pollution, etc., to ensure compliance with environmental protection requirements. At the same time, a hazardous waste information disclosure board and storage facility warning signs should be set up in the temporary storage room, clearly indicating the types, quantities, storage facilities, and other information of hazardous waste.

危废暂存间从建设到管理，每一个环节都紧密关系到危险废物的安全处置和环境的保护。只有严格按照相关要求执行，才能让这个 “临时驿站” 切实发挥作用，守护我们的生态环境 。

From construction to management, every step of the hazardous waste temporary storage room is closely related to the safe disposal of hazardous waste and environmental protection. Only by strictly following the relevant requirements can this' temporary station 'truly play its role and protect our ecological environment.

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