在工业生产与日常生活中，废水排放是不可避免的问题。若未经有效处理直接排放，将对土壤、水体等生态环境造成严重破坏。废水处理设备作为解决这一难题的核心，通过科学的处理工艺和技术，将污水净化，使其达到排放标准，成为守护生态环境的重要保障。

In industrial production and daily life, wastewater discharge is an inevitable problem. If discharged directly without effective treatment, it will cause serious damage to the ecological environment such as soil and water bodies. Wastewater treatment equipment, as the core of solving this problem, purifies sewage through scientific treatment processes and technologies to meet discharge standards, becoming an important guarantee for protecting the ecological environment.

废水处理设备的核心技术​

The core technology of wastewater treatment equipment

物理处理技术​

Physical processing technology

物理处理技术是废水处理的基础环节，主要通过沉淀、过滤、离心分离等方法去除废水中的悬浮物和部分胶体物质。沉淀设备利用重力作用，使废水中的固体颗粒沉降到池底，实现固液分离；过滤设备则通过滤网、滤布等过滤介质，拦截废水中的杂质。离心分离设备通过高速旋转产生的离心力，将密度不同的物质分离，常用于处理含油废水等。物理处理技术操作简单、成本较低，但对于溶解性污染物的去除效果有限。​

Physical treatment technology is the fundamental link in wastewater treatment, mainly removing suspended solids and some colloidal substances from wastewater through methods such as sedimentation, filtration, and centrifugal separation. Sedimentation equipment utilizes gravity to cause solid particles in wastewater to settle to the bottom of the tank, achieving solid-liquid separation; The filtering equipment intercepts impurities in wastewater through filtering media such as filters and filter cloth. Centrifugal separation equipment separates substances with different densities through centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, and is commonly used for treating oily wastewater. Physical processing technology is simple to operate and cost-effective, but its effectiveness in removing soluble pollutants is limited. ​

化学处理技术​

Chemical treatment technology

化学处理技术通过化学反应改变污染物的性质，达到去除或转化污染物的目的。中和设备用于调节废水的酸碱度，使酸性或碱性废水达到中性；混凝设备向废水中投加混凝剂，使微小的悬浮颗粒和胶体物质聚集形成较大的絮体，便于后续的沉淀和过滤；氧化还原设备利用强氧化剂或还原剂，将废水中的有毒有害物质转化为无害物质。化学处理技术能够有效去除废水中的特定污染物，但可能会产生化学污泥等二次污染物，需要进一步处理。​

Chemical treatment technology changes the properties of pollutants through chemical reactions, achieving the goal of removing or transforming pollutants. Neutralization equipment is used to adjust the pH of wastewater, making acidic or alkaline wastewater neutral; The coagulation equipment adds coagulants to the wastewater, causing tiny suspended particles and colloidal substances to aggregate and form larger flocs, which facilitate subsequent precipitation and filtration; Redox equipment utilizes strong oxidants or reducing agents to convert toxic and harmful substances in wastewater into harmless substances. Chemical treatment technology can effectively remove specific pollutants from wastewater, but may generate secondary pollutants such as chemical sludge that require further treatment. ​

生物处理技术​

Biological processing technology

生物处理技术是利用微生物的代谢作用，将废水中的有机物分解为二氧化碳和水，同时去除氮、磷等营养物质。活性污泥法是最常见的生物处理工艺，通过曝气使微生物在活性污泥中与废水充分接触，降解有机物。生物膜法利用附着在固体载体表面的微生物膜进行废水处理，具有占地面积小、耐冲击负荷等优点。厌氧处理技术则适用于处理高浓度有机废水，在无氧条件下，微生物将有机物分解为甲烷、二氧化碳等气体，同时产生沼气，实现能源回收。生物处理技术具有处理效果好、成本低、无二次污染等优点，是废水处理的主要技术手段。

Biological treatment technology utilizes the metabolic process of microorganisms to decompose organic matter in wastewater into carbon dioxide and water, while removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Activated sludge process is the most common biological treatment process, which uses aeration to allow microorganisms to fully contact wastewater in activated sludge and degrade organic matter. The biofilm method utilizes microbial membranes attached to the surface of solid carriers for wastewater treatment, which has the advantages of small footprint and resistance to impact loads. Anaerobic treatment technology is suitable for treating high concentration organic wastewater. Under anaerobic conditions, microorganisms decompose organic matter into gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, while producing biogas to achieve energy recovery. Biological treatment technology has the advantages of good treatment effect, low cost, and no secondary pollution, and is the main technical means of wastewater treatment.

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