2023年7月1日起，新的《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》(GB18597-2023)将开始实施。为了有效帮助企业理解新规范的要求，此文梳理了危险废物暂存间建设的要求和一般管理规定，本文可以为企业规范建设危废暂存间提供指导，也可以供生态环境主管部门管理参考。

　　Starting from July 1, 2023, the new "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023) will be implemented. In order to effectively help enterprises understand the requirements of the new regulations, this article summarizes the requirements and general management regulations for the construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms. This article can provide guidance for enterprises to standardize the construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, and can also serve as a reference for the management of ecological and environmental authorities.

　　新的危险废物暂存间的建设相比于以前的标准，发生了较大的变化。标准不仅对贮存库、贮存场、贮存池、贮存罐区、贮存点和贮存分区等贮存设施(场所)进行了定义。将贮存设施设置要求、分类贮存要求、环境污染防治、识别标志、信息化管理、设施退役等危险废物环境管理方面的原则性要求纳入总体要求。

　　The construction of the new hazardous waste temporary storage room has undergone significant changes compared to the previous standards. The standard not only defines storage facilities (places) such as storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, storage tank areas, storage points, and storage zones. Incorporate the principle requirements for hazardous waste environmental management, such as storage facility setting requirements, classified storage requirements, environmental pollution prevention and control, identification marks, information management, and facility retirement, into the overall requirements.

　　同时系统地提出了贮存设施建设的“一般规定”和各类贮存设施的建设要求，全面规定了危险废物贮存设施废水、废气等污染物排放控制要求和固体废物管理要求，同时对环境应急提出相关管理规定。

　　At the same time, the "general regulations" for the construction of storage facilities and the construction requirements for various types of storage facilities were systematically proposed, comprehensively stipulating the requirements for controlling the discharge of pollutants such as wastewater and exhaust gas from hazardous waste storage facilities, as well as solid waste management requirements. At the same time, relevant management regulations were put forward for environmental emergencies.

　　危废贮存有哪些常见问题？注意这些建设要求！

　　What are the common problems with hazardous waste storage? Pay attention to these construction requirements!

　　贮存危险废物应符合《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》( GB 18597-2023 ) 各项要求。标准已于2023年7月1日起实施。

　　The storage of hazardous waste shall comply with the requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023). The standard has been implemented since July 1, 2023.

　　NO.1

　　NO.1

　　建设要求

　　Construction requirements

　　(1)贮存库是用于贮存一种或多种类别、形态危险废物的仓库式贮存设施。贮存库污染控制要求：

　　(1) A storage facility is a warehouse style storage facility used to store one or more types and forms of hazardous waste. Requirements for pollution control in storage facilities:

　　①贮存库内不同贮存分区之间应采取隔离措施，隔离措施可根据危险废物特性采用过道、隔板或隔墙等方式；

　　① Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse, which can be implemented through corridors, partitions, or walls according to the characteristics of hazardous waste;

　　②在贮存库内或通过贮存分区方式贮存液态危险废物的，应具有液体泄漏堵截设施，堵截设施最小容积不应低于对应贮存区域最大液态废物容器容积或液态废物总储量1/10(二者取较大者)；用于贮存可能产生渗滤液的危险废物的贮存库或贮存分区应设计渗滤液收集设施，收集设施容积应满足渗滤液的收集要求；

　　② If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection;

　　③贮存易产生粉尘、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的危险废物贮存库，应设置气体收集装置和气体净化设施，排气筒高度应符合《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB16297-1996)要求。

　　③ Dangerous waste storage facilities that are prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the requirements of the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　(2)贮存场是用于贮存不易产生粉尘、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的大宗危险废物的，具有顶棚(盖)的半开放式贮存设施。贮存场污染控制要求：

　　(2) Storage yard is a semi open storage facility with a roof (cover) used to store bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases. Requirements for Pollution Control in Storage Sites:

　　①贮存场应设置径流疏导系统，保证能防止当地重现期不小于25年的暴雨流入贮存区域，并采取措施防止雨水冲淋危险废物，避免增加渗滤液量；

　　① The storage yard shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate;

　　②贮存场可整体或分区设计液体导流和收集设施，收集设施容积应保证在最不利条件下可以容纳对应贮存区域产生的渗滤液、废水等液态物质；

　　② The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions;

　　③贮存场应采取防止危险废物扬散、流失的措施；

　　③ The storage site should take measures to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste;

　　④贮存的危险废物直接接触地面的，还应进行基础防渗，防渗层为至少1m厚黏土层(渗透系数不大于10-7cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防渗材料(渗透系数不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防渗性能等效的材料。

　　④ For hazardous waste stored in direct contact with the ground, basic anti-seepage measures should also be taken. The anti-seepage layer should be at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　(3)贮存池是用于贮存单一类别液态或半固态危险废物的，位于室内或具有顶棚(盖)的池体贮存设施。贮存池污染控制要求：

　　(3) A storage tank is a tank storage facility located indoors or with a roof (cover) for storing a single category of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste. Requirements for pollution control of storage tanks:

　　①贮存池防渗层应覆盖整个池体并对池体进行基础防渗；

　　① The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank should cover the entire tank body and provide basic anti-seepage for the tank body;

　　②贮存池应采取措施防止雨水、地面径流等进入，保证能防止当地重现期不小于25年的暴雨流入贮存池内；

　　② Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering the storage pool, so as to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage pool;

　　③贮存池应采取措施减少大气污染物的无组织排放。

　　③ Measures should be taken to reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants from storage tanks.

　　(4)贮存罐区是用于贮存液态危险废物的，由一个或多个罐体及其相关的辅助设备和防护系统构成的固定式贮存设施。贮存罐区污染控制要求：

　　(4) Storage tank area is a fixed storage facility for storing liquid hazardous waste, consisting of one or more tanks and their related auxiliary equipment and protective systems. Pollution control requirements for storage tank area:

　　①贮存罐区罐体应设置在围堰内，围堰应保证能满足防渗、防腐性能要求；

　　① The tanks in the storage tank area should be placed inside a cofferdam, which should ensure that the cofferdam can meet the requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion performance;

　　②贮存罐区围堰容积应至少满足其内部最大贮存罐发生意外泄漏时所需要的危险废物收集容积要求；

　　② The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside;

　　③贮存罐区围堰内收集的废液、废水和初期雨水应及时处理，不应直接排放。

　　③ The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the storage tank area cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and should not be directly discharged.

　　(5)贮存点是《危险废物管理计划和管理台账制定技术导则》(HJ1259-2022)规定的纳入危险废物登记管理单位的，用于同一生产经营场所专门贮存危险废物的场所；或产生危险废物的单位设置于生产线附近，用于暂时贮存以便于中转其产生的危险废物的场所。贮存点环境管理要求：

　　(5) Storage points are designated as hazardous waste registration and management units in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Development of Hazardous Waste Management Plans and Management Ledger (HJ1259-2022), and are used for the specialized storage of hazardous waste in the same production and operation site; Units that generate hazardous waste are located near the production line for temporary storage and transfer of the hazardous waste they produce. Environmental management requirements for storage points:

　　①贮存点应具有固定的区域边界，并应采取与其他区域进行隔离的措施；

　　① Storage points should have fixed area boundaries and measures should be taken to isolate them from other areas;

　　②贮存点应采取防风、防雨、防晒和防止危险废物流失、扬散等措施；③贮存点贮存的危险废物应置于容器或包装物中，不应直接散堆；

　　② Storage points should take measures to prevent wind, rain, sun, and hazardous waste from being lost or scattered Hazardous waste stored in storage points should be placed in containers or packaging materials and should not be directly scattered;

　　④贮存 点应根据危险废物的形态、物理化学性质、包装形式等，采取防渗、防漏等污染防治措施或采用具有相应功能的装置；

　　④ Storage points should adopt pollution prevention and control measures such as anti-seepage and leak prevention or use devices with corresponding functions according to the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, etc. of hazardous waste;

　　⑤贮存点应及时清运贮存的危险废物，实时贮存量不应超过 3 吨。

　　⑤ The storage point should promptly clear and transport the stored hazardous waste, and the real-time storage capacity should not exceed 3 tons.

　　NO.2

　　NO.2

　　常见问题

　　common problem

　　（1）未按照危害特性分类贮存危险废物或分区不合理

　　(1) Storage of hazardous waste not classified according to hazard characteristics or unreasonable zoning

　　（2）混合贮存性质不相容且未经安全性处置的危险废物。

　　(2) Mixed storage of hazardous waste that is incompatible in nature and has not been safely disposed of.

　　（3）收集、贮存场所地面有裂隙，不具备防渗漏功能且未采取相应措施。

　　(3) There are cracks on the ground of the collection and storage site, which do not have anti leakage function and have not taken corresponding measures.

　　（4）盛装危险废物的容器有破损，导致泄漏。

　　(4) The container containing hazardous waste is damaged, resulting in leakage.

　　（5）盛装危险废物的容器未密闭。

　　(5) The container containing hazardous waste is not sealed.

　　（6）贮存液体危险废物，未设置泄漏液体收集装置或泄漏液体收集池容积不满足相关要求。

　　(6) Storage of liquid hazardous waste without a leakage liquid collection device or leakage liquid collection pool capacity not meeting relevant requirements.

　　（7）贮存易挥发危险废物，贮存库未密闭、未安装废气收集治理设施、已安装废气收集治理设施未正常运行。

　　(7) Storage of volatile hazardous waste, storage warehouse not sealed, no exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities installed, and installed exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities not functioning properly.

　　（8）未按照《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》(GB18597-2023)监测有关要求，开展自行监测。

　　(8) Failure to conduct self-monitoring in accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　（9）危险废物贮存过程产生的污染物不满足国家污染物排放(控制)标准等要求。

　　(9) The pollutants generated during the storage of hazardous waste do not meet the requirements of national pollutant emission (control) standards.

　　（10）危险废物露天存放。

　　(10) Hazardous waste is stored outdoors.

　　（11）危废贮存设施导流槽溢流、泄露液收集池有废液未及时收集。

　　(11) The overflow and leakage of the diversion channel of the hazardous waste storage facility have resulted in the collection of waste liquid in the collection pool, which has not been collected in a timely manner.

　　（12）盛装液态、半固态危险废物的容器内部未留足够空间。

　　(12) Insufficient space is left inside the container containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste.

　　（13）盛装液态、半固态危险废物的包装桶表面有危险废物遗留未及时清理。

　　(13) The surface of the packaging drums containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste has hazardous waste residues that have not been cleaned up in a timely manner.

　　（14）危险废物识别标志注明危险废物种类与实际贮存危险废物种类不一致。

　　(14) The identification mark for hazardous waste indicates that the type of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the actual type of hazardous waste stored.

　　（15）危险废物收集、贮存设施不符合“六防”要求(防风、防晒、防雨、防漏、防渗、防腐等)。

　　(15) The hazardous waste collection and storage facilities do not meet the "six prevention" requirements (windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, etc.).

　　（16）危险废物实际贮存与危险废物识别标志注明重量、台账记录、省固体废物动态信息平台贮存数据不一致。

　　(16) The actual storage of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the weight indicated on the hazardous waste identification label, ledger records, and storage data on the provincial solid waste dynamic information platform.

　　（17）危险废物包装容器上设置标签信息(重量、时间等)与台账记录、实际贮存不一致。

　　(17) The label information (weight, time, etc.) on the hazardous waste packaging container is inconsistent with the ledger records and actual storage.

　　（18）硬质容器和包装物及其支护结构堆叠码放时有明显变形。

　　(18) There is significant deformation when stacking and stacking hard containers, packaging materials, and their supporting structures.

　　本文由  危废暂存间 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击    http://www.tdyhhb.com  真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the hazardous waste storage room For more related knowledge, please click http://www.tdyhhb.com Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.