在现代工业快速发展的进程中，各类危险废物的产生量与日俱增。危险废物因其具有毒性、腐蚀性、易燃性、反应性等危险特性，若处置不当，将对生态环境和人体健康造成严重威胁。危废暂存间作为危险废物产生单位收集、存放危险废物的专门场所，在整个危险废物管理体系中占据着举足轻重的地位，是保障环境安全的关键防线。​

In the rapid development of modern industry, the amount of various hazardous wastes generated is increasing day by day. Hazardous waste, due to its hazardous characteristics such as toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, and reactivity, can pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health if not disposed of properly. The hazardous waste temporary storage room, as a specialized place for hazardous waste generation units to collect and store hazardous waste, plays a crucial role in the entire hazardous waste management system and is a key defense line to ensure environmental safety. ​

建设规范：严守安全环保底线​

Construction standards: strictly adhere to the bottom line of safety and environmental protection

危废暂存间的建设必须严格遵循相关法律法规和标准规范。从选址来看，应远离人口密集区、饮用水源保护区、风景名胜区等环境敏感区域，且要位于地质稳定、地势较高、不易积水的地段，以防止因自然灾害导致危险废物泄漏，对周边环境造成污染。同时，暂存间要与生产区域保持适当距离，既便于危险废物的收集运输，又能降低对生产活动的潜在影响。​

The construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms must strictly comply with relevant laws, regulations, standards and specifications. From the perspective of site selection, it should be far away from densely populated areas, drinking water source protection areas, scenic spots and other environmentally sensitive areas, and should be located in geologically stable, high terrain, and not easily flooded areas to prevent hazardous waste leakage caused by natural disasters and pollution to the surrounding environment. At the same time, the temporary storage room should be kept at an appropriate distance from the production area, which not only facilitates the collection and transportation of hazardous waste, but also reduces the potential impact on production activities. ​

在建筑结构方面，危废暂存间需具备坚固的基础和墙体，以承受危险废物的重量和可能的外力冲击。屋顶应采用防水、防晒、耐腐蚀的材料，防止雨水渗漏和阳光直射对危险废物造成影响。地面是暂存间建设的重点部位，必须进行防渗处理。通常采用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）膜等防渗材料，铺设至少两层，确保渗透系数不大于 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ 厘米 / 秒，以有效防止危险废物中的有害物质渗入地下，污染土壤和地下水。此外，暂存间还应设置泄漏液收集装置，如围堰、导流槽等，一旦发生泄漏，能够及时收集泄漏的危险废物和渗滤液，避免其扩散。​

In terms of building structure, the hazardous waste temporary storage room needs to have a sturdy foundation and walls to withstand the weight of hazardous waste and possible external impacts. The roof should be made of waterproof, sun resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials to prevent rainwater leakage and direct sunlight from affecting hazardous waste. The ground is a key area for the construction of temporary storage rooms and must undergo anti-seepage treatment. Usually, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film and other anti-seepage materials are used, with at least two layers laid to ensure that the permeability coefficient is not greater than 1.0 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ cm/s, in order to effectively prevent harmful substances from hazardous waste from infiltrating into the ground and polluting soil and groundwater. In addition, the temporary storage room should also be equipped with leakage liquid collection devices, such as cofferdams, diversion channels, etc. Once a leakage occurs, the hazardous waste and leachate can be collected in a timely manner to prevent their diffusion. ​

暂存间内部布局也有严格要求。不同种类的危险废物应分区存放，设置明显的标识牌，注明危险废物的名称、类别、数量、产生日期等信息。对于具有不相容性质的危险废物，必须采取有效的隔离措施，防止相互反应引发安全事故。例如，酸性危险废物和碱性危险废物不能存放在同一区域，需用实体墙或其他有效的隔离设施进行分隔。​

The internal layout of the temporary storage room also has strict requirements. Different types of hazardous waste should be stored in different zones, with clear signs indicating the name, category, quantity, generation date, and other information of the hazardous waste. Effective isolation measures must be taken for hazardous waste with incompatible properties to prevent safety accidents caused by mutual reactions. For example, acidic hazardous waste and alkaline hazardous waste cannot be stored in the same area and need to be separated by solid walls or other effective isolation facilities. ​

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